AJHE2206 - CME/CMLE - COVID-19 and Immune-Mediated RBC Destruction-COVID-19 and Immune-Mediated RBC Destruction

COVID-19 and Immune-Mediated RBC Destruction

Pdf Summary

The article explores the association between COVID-19 and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), summarizing findings from 50 COVID-19 patients diagnosed with AIHA and 4 cases post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. AIHA subtypes detected include cold, warm, and mixed types, with a mean hemoglobin of 6.5 g/dL at AIHA diagnosis occurring about 7 days after COVID-19 symptom onset. COVID-19 may lead to potential fatal outcomes in patients, emphasizing the need for monitoring. The proposed mechanisms include immunologic hyperstimulation and molecular mimicry, with evidence showing complement deposition on erythrocytes and severe hemolysis. Additionally, four cases of AIHA were reported post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, with patients developing symptoms within days to weeks from vaccine administration. Treatment involved corticosteroids and other modalities, with some patients requiring blood transfusions. The review suggests a need for standardized reporting of AIHA cases and highlights the importance of early recognition and management to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19-induced AIHA. Overall, increased awareness of this potential complication in COVID-19 patients and post-vaccination is essential for timely intervention.

Keywords

COVID-19

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

AIHA

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

hemoglobin

immunologic hyperstimulation

molecular mimicry

complement deposition

corticosteroids

blood transfusions